Mineral Luster
What Is Luster? Luster is the light-reflecting characteristics of a mineral specimen.
Sand
Sand is a diverse material. This gallery includes photos of sand from around the world.
Mineral Hardness
Mohs Hardness Scale is a set of reference minerals used for classroom hardness testing.
Hardness Picks
Hardness Picks - Test for hardness with precise and easy-to-use hardness picks.
Coquina
Coquina - A porous limestone composed almost entirely of fossil debris.
Mount Etna
Mount Etna - The most active volcano in Europe continues an eruption that started in 2001.
Largest Hurricanes
Largest Hurricanes Are they determined by wind speed, value of damage, most deaths?
Volcanic Explosivity
Volcanic Explosivity - Rating volcanic eruptions based upon the volume of tephra ejected.
The Acid Test
The Acid Test - Geologists use dilute hydrochloric acid to identify carbonate minerals.
Blue Flames
Blue Flames and the largest highly acidic lake in the world at Kawah Ijen Volcano.
Ruby and Sapphire
Ruby and Sapphire are the 2nd and 3rd most popular colored stones in the United States.
Rock and Mineral Kits
Rock & Mineral Kits The best way to learn about rocks and minerals is with specimens!
Types of Maps
Types of Maps - Explore some of the most popular types of maps that have been made.
Rocks
Rocks - Galleries of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions.
Rock Tumblers
Rock Tumblers - All about rock tumblers and rock tumbling. Read before you buy a tumbler.
Mars Meteorites
Mars Meteorites Mars rovers have found dozens of meteorites while exploring the red planet.
Utica Shale
Utica Shale is a major source of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids in PA, OH and WV.
Cinnabar
Cinnabar - the only important ore of mercury. Used in pigments until its toxicity was realized.
Morganite
Morganite is an orange to pink gemstone, a variety of beryl, that is growing rapidly in popularity.
Opals
Pictures of Opal - A collection of different types of opal from all around the world and Mars too!
US Diamond Mines
US Diamond Mines - Did you know that diamonds have been mined in the United States?
Fool*s Gold
Fool*s Gold is a name used for pyrite when its brassy color fools people looking for gold.
Geology Tools
Geology Tools Rock hammers, field bags, hand lenses, maps, hardness picks, gold pans.
Watch out for Ticks!
Ticks are a problem for geologists in some areas. Learn to recognize and avoid them.
Mineraloids
Mineraloids are amorphous naturally-occurring inorganic solids that lack crystallinity.
American Gemstones
Mined in America - Small mines in the United States produce a diversity of beautiful gemstones.
Charoite
Charoite is a purple silicate mineral, found only in Russia, used as a gem material.
Underwater Volcano
Hawaii*s Next Island could be growing in the Pacific Ocean right now. Its name is Lo*ihi.
Rhodochrosite
Rhodochrosite - a manganese mineral used as an ore, a pink gem and an ornamental stone.
Soapstone
Soapstone is a metamorphic rock with properties that make it suitable for a variety of projects.
Methane Hydrate
Methane Hydrate deposits contain more fuel value than all other fossil fuels combined.
Corundum
Corundum is the third hardest mineral. It is also the mineral of ruby and sapphire.
Colored Diamonds
Colored Diamonds are diamonds with a noticeable body color. They can sell for over $1M/carat.
Labradorite
Labradorite is a feldspar mineral that sometimes exhibits an iridescent play-of-color.
Birthstones
Birthstones are gems assigned to the month of a person*s birth. They are popular gifts in the U.S.
June 6th 1912
Novarupta - The most powerful volcanic eruption of the 20th century occurred in the U.S.A.
Wall Maps
Wall Maps - Wall maps of the world, continents, states and the USA.
Geodes
Geodes look like ordinary rocks on the outside but can be spectacular inside!
Azurite
Azurite - Used as an ore of copper, a pigment, ornamental stone and gem material.
Shale
Shale - The rock that has quickly transformed the oil and gas industry.
Granite
Granite - The intrusive igneous rock that underlies continents and countertops.
Ethiopian Opal
Ethiopian Opal - The new opal heavyweight that might give Australia a run.
What is Geology?
What is Geology? The study of Earth materials, structures, processes and life over time.
Geology Books
Geology Books - A variety of books for reference, field trips, reading and more.
What Is The Moho?
What Is The Moho? The Mohorovicic Discontinuity is the mantle/crust boundary.
UV Mineral Lamp
Portable UV Lamp - Short and long wave UV for fluorescent mineral viewing.
Gemstones
Gemstones - Colorful images and articles about diamonds and colored stones.
Expansive Soil
Expansive Soil causes more damage than floods, hurricanes & tornadoes combined.
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics - Articles and maps about plate tectonics and the interior of Earth.
Ant Hill Garnets
Ant Hill Garnets - tiny gems that ants haul to the surface and discard on their anthill. Honest!
Rock Art
Rock Art - People have been marking on rocks for thousands of years.
Petrified Wood
Petrified Wood is a fossil that forms when silica replaces and infills the cavities of wood.
Bear Attacks
Bear Attacks - Knowing how to react to a bear encounter or attack could save your life.
Diamonds
Diamonds - Learn about the properties of diamond, its many uses, and diamond discoveries.
Waterproof Paper
Waterproof Paper - Don't take chances with your field notes and maps. Use waterproof paper.
Quartzite
Quartzite is metamorphic rock formed when sandstone is subjected to heat and pressure.
Rhyolite
Rhyolite An extrusive igneous rock with a high silica content, produced from granitic magma.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli - a metamorphic rock and the most popular blue opaque gemstone in history.
Tallest Mountain
Tallest Mountain - Everest has rivals in tallness, altitude and distance to the center of Earth.
Hand Lens
Hand Lens A 10-power folding magnifier in a metal case. A frequently used lab and field tool.
Crater of Diamonds
Crater of Diamonds - The only diamond mine in the world where you can be the miner.
Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earths - Special materials used in electronics, defense, medical & many other products.
Gem Silica
Gem Silica is a blue chalcedony colored by copper. It is the rarest and most valuable chalcedony.
What is a Geyser?
What is a Geyser? Photos and information about geysers in many parts of the world.
Fluorescent Minerals
Fluorescent Minerals and rocks glow with spectacular colors under ultraviolet light.
Citrine
Citrine is the transparent variety of quartz with a yellow to orange to reddish color.
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Meteorites
Meteorites - Rocks that were once parts of planets or large asteroids.
Ilmenite
Ilmenite - The primary ore of titanium and source of most titanium dioxide.
Field Courses
Field Courses - Over 80 field courses for undergraduate geology students.
Cave of the Hands
Cave of the Hands is a cave where ancient people painted hands about 9000 years ago.
Emerald
Emerald is the most popular green gemstone in the United States and most of the world.
Herkimer Diamonds
Herkimer Diamonds Doubly-terminated quartz crystals used as specimens and gems.
Hematite
Hematite - The most important ore of iron. A source of mineral pigment since prehistory.
Lightning Strikes Map
Lightning Strikes Map by NASA shows the worldwide distribution of lightning activity.
Turquoise
Turquoise - A bluish-green gem material that has been used for over 6000 years.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes - Articles about volcanoes, volcanic hazards and eruptions past and present.
Don*t Go To Jail
Know the Rules before removing rocks, fossils or minerals from public or private property.
Peridotite
Peridotite is a chromite host rock, a source of diamonds and a possible carbon dioxide sink.
Tourmaline
Tourmaline - an extremely colorful mineral and gem material.
Zircon
Zircon is the primary ore of zirconium and a gemstone that is available in many colors.
Cinder Cones
Cinder Cones are the smallest, simplest, and most common type of volcano.
Rock Salt
Rock Salt is a sedimentary rock composed of the mineral halite. It has many uses!
Mineral Rights
Mineral Rights - Who owns the minerals under your land? Who wants to buy them?
Gifts That Rock
Gifts That Rock - What are the most popular gift items in the Geology.com store?
What is a Maar?
What is a Maar? The second most common volcanic landscape feature on Earth.
Homeowners Insurance
Homeowners Insurance might not cover earthquake, hurricane and other geohazard damage.
Olivine
Olivine - Abundant in Earth*s mantle. A constituent of meteorites. The gem peridot.
100+ Gemstones
100+ Gems - Photos of over 100 beautiful gems ranging from the popular to the obscure.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite was unknown until a few decades ago but it has erupted into wide popularity.
Fire Opal
Fire Opal is a transparent to translucent opal with a yellow, orange or red background color.
Uses of Talc
Talc is a soft mineral used in cosmetics, paper, paint, ceramics and many other products.
DeLorme Atlas
Topo Maps - The DeLorme Atlas is an entire state of topo maps in one convenient book.
Rocks on Mars
Rocks on Mars Many of the rocks found on Mars are not very different from Earth rocks.
Tallest Waterfall
Angel Falls in Venezuela is the tallest waterfall in the world - it is 3212 feet tall.
Horizontal Drilling
Horizontal Drilling has opened new resources and significantly improved productivity.
Chalcopyrite
Chalcopyrite - The most important ore of copper for over five thousand years.
Chalk
Chalk is a variety of limestone formed from fine-grained marine sediment known as ooze.
Debris Flows
Debris Flows are moving masses of loose mud, sand, soil, rock and water.
Mount Vesuvius
Mount Vesuvius - geology, history, maps, facts and more about the Vesuvius eruptions.
Largest Volcanoes
Largest Volcano - That title is shared by Tamu Massif, Mauna Kea and Ojos del Salado.
Uses of Marble
The Uses of Marble are numerous and diverse. You will be surprised by how it is used.
Pyroxene Minerals
Pyroxene Minerals are a group of chain silicate minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.